The ancient pathways of the Camino de Santiago promise possibilities – sights and experiences you’ll never forget, new tastes, spiritual and personal development, and the chance to forge lasting friendships. There’s a reason why tens of thousands of people from around the globe embark on these trails. Whether motivated by a sense of spiritual longing or simply the need to escape from humdrum daily routines in search of adventure, the Camino has inspired pilgrims for centuries!
If you’re ready to take your first steps on the Camino, this guide will cover much of what you need to know: from selecting the right route and budgeting for your journey to packing efficiently, timing your walk, and savoring the rich cultural experiences along “The Way.” Continue reading to learn more. Or, if you’d like even further support along your journey, consider booking one of our Camino de Santiago Walking Tours.
Popular Routes of the Camino de Santiago
Spain is home to numerous Camino routes, all leading to Santiago de Compostela, with some extending further to the Atlantic. Each route features a distinct combination of scenery, distance, and cultural highlights; and each has its own unique difficulty level. Below is an overview of the most popular Caminos, including the famous Camino Francés and Camino Portugués, along with notes on their distance, difficulty, and characteristics:
Camino Francés (French Way) – 780 km from St. Jean-Pied-de-Port in France to Santiago. The Camino Francés stands out as the most popular route, attracting nearly half of all pilgrims. Completing this journey usually takes around 4 to 5 weeks. The trail leads you through the stunning Pyrenees and across diverse landscapes, from the picturesque vineyards of La Rioja to the expansive plains of the Meseta, ultimately guiding you into the lush hills of Galicia. While it is moderately challenging, the primary difficulty lies in its length, with some steep ascents, particularly crossing the Pyrenees and the climb up to O Cebreiro.
One of the great advantages of the Camino Francés is its excellent infrastructure, featuring a wealth of albergues (pilgrim hostels), cafes, and clear waymarks to keep you on track. Along the way, you’ll pass through major historic towns such as Pamplona, Burgos, and León. For more information, take a look at our Full French Way Camino.
Camino Portugués (Portuguese Way) – There are two main starting points for the Portuguese Way of the Camino: Lisbon (613–620 km) or the more commonly used Porto, which is approximately 240 km from the destination via the Central Route. From Porto, you can opt for either the Central Route, which goes inland (240 km), or the Coastal Route (~270 km) which runs along the Atlantic coast. Both routes meet in Galicia.
Most pilgrims begin their journey in Porto or in the border town of Tui, Spain, which is only 100 km from Santiago. The Portuguese Way is the second most popular Camino route and is known for being beginner-friendly. It is generally flatter than the Francés Route, although you can still expect some hills and long sections of cobblestone roads.
Culturally, the path offers a delightful mix of Portuguese charm and Galician hospitality. Along the way, you will encounter historic cities like Coimbra and Porto, as well as quaint villages, all leading to your final destination in Santiago. The scenery varies from vineyard-covered countryside to picturesque coastal boardwalks if you choose the seaside variant.
We can arrange a few different walking routes along the Portuguese Way. Explore our Walking Trips in Portugal to learn more about what to expect.
Camino del Norte (Northern Way) – The Camino del Norte spans 825 km from Irún along Spain’s northern coast, featuring stunning Bay of Biscay scenery with rugged cliffs, sandy beaches, and lush mountains. This demanding route takes about 5 weeks, is characterized by frequent ascents and descents, and sees fewer pilgrims, offering more solitude but fewer albergues, with higher summer prices in some coastal towns.
Key highlights include cities like San Sebastián, Bilbao (home to the Guggenheim Museum), and Santander, as well as the Altamira cave near Santillana del Mar. The route eventually heads inland through Galicia to Santiago, with an option to switch to the Camino Primitivo via Oviedo. Ideal for those who enjoy ocean views and a physical challenge! For a shorter taste of this route, consider our Self-Guided Camino del Norte (Basque Coast).
Camino Primitivo (Original Way) – The Camino Primitivo, covering 320 km from Oviedo to Santiago, is the oldest Camino route, first walked in the 9th century by King Alfonso II. Known as the “mountain route,” it presents a challenging journey through the remote hills of Asturias and Galicia, featuring steep climbs and descents in the Cantabrian Mountains. The scenery includes lush forests, mountain views, and quiet hamlets.
With fewer towns and pilgrims, the Primitivo offers a serene atmosphere. While infrastructure is decent, it’s wise to carry food and water for the less populated stretches. Our Camino Primitivo (Last Section) Tour is a fantastic way to enjoy some of the route’s highlights.
Vía de la Plata (Silver Way) – 1000 km from Seville in southern Spain to Santiago. The Vía de la Plata is Spain’s longest and one of its toughest Camino routes, following an ancient Roman trade route through Andalucía and Extremadura. However, we have been arranging our Vía de la Plata (Last 100 km) for some time and it remains a much-loved route by those who take it.
It passes historic sites like Itálica and Mérida, with long, remote stretches. Summer walking is inadvisable due to extreme heat, making spring and fall the best seasons. With only very few pilgrims choosing this route, solitude is guaranteed, but careful planning for water, food, and lodging is essential. This path offers rich Roman and Moorish history, rural Spanish culture, and a rewarding challenge for experienced walkers.
Camino Packing List: Essentials for the Trail
Packing wisely can make or break your Camino experience. The key is to pack light—remember, you’ll carry everything for hundreds of kilometers! Here’s what you need:
Backpack & Weight
Choose a comfortable 30–40L backpack with a hip belt and rain cover. Keep total weight under 10% of your body weight (6–8 kg for most). Avoid overpacking—towns along the route have everything you might need. Use waterproof bags inside to keep gear dry. Many pilgrims mail excess items home after starting, so it’s better to pack light from the start.
Footwear
Your most important gear. Choose well-broken-in hiking boots or trail runners based on comfort and season. Waterproof boots keep feet dry in the rain but may trap heat in summer; breathable shoes are better for warm months. Bring a second pair of sandals or flip-flops for evenings and showers. Pack 2–3 pairs of quality socks (merino wool or synthetic) and consider liners to prevent blisters. Applying lubricant to feet daily can help avoid hot spots.
Clothing (Layering Approach)
- Two sets of lightweight, quick-dry walking clothes (pants/shorts, shirts, underwear).
- One warm layer (fleece or light down jacket).
- A long-sleeve for sun protection or cool days.
- A lightweight rain jacket or poncho (some cover the backpack, too).
- A brimmed hat for the sun and a buff or bandana for versatility.
- Gloves and a warm hat if walking in cooler months.
- Simple evening clothes (optional) for albergues.
Essentials & Accessories
- Water container: 1–2L reusable bottle or hydration bladder. Refill at fountains along the way.
- Sun protection: High-SPF sunscreen, sunglasses, and a brimmed hat.
- First Aid & Toiletries: Blister care (moleskin, tape), pain relievers, personal meds, travel-size toiletries, a quick-dry towel, and tissues (some restrooms lack paper).
- Trekking poles (optional): Reduce strain on knees, especially for steep descents. Must be in checked luggage if flying.
- Tech & Documents: Pilgrim passport (credential), personal ID, debit/credit card, cash, smartphone + charger, EU plug adapter, and a small power bank.
- Miscellaneous: Safety pins or a small clothesline for drying laundry, a knife or spork for picnics, zip-lock bags for organization, and a scallop shell (traditional pilgrim symbol).
Seasonal Adjustments
- Summer (July–August): Focus on sun protection, extra water, and lightweight, breathable clothing. Evenings can be cooler in mountain areas, so a light long sleeve is useful.
- Cooler months: Add an insulating jacket, beanie, gloves, and possibly waterproof pants. Some mountain routes get snow in winter, requiring warmer gear and a heavier sleeping bag. Many albergues close in the off-season, so plan accordingly.
Final Tip
Pack light—every extra ounce adds up. The Camino is well-supported, and you can buy anything you need along the way. A lighter load means more comfort and fewer injuries, allowing you to focus on the journey itself.
Best Times to Go: When to Walk the Camino
The Camino de Santiago can be walked year-round, but each season offers a different experience. Consider weather, crowd levels, and local festivals when planning your journey.
Spring (April – June)
Spring is one of the best times to walk. Expect blooming wildflowers, mild temperatures, and moderate crowds. Rain is possible, especially in April and in northern regions. May and June bring warmer, drier weather without the peak summer rush. Southern routes, like the Via de la Plata, are best in spring before the heat sets in.
Summer (July – August)
Summer is the busiest and hottest time. Expect long daylight hours, open services, and a social, festive atmosphere. However, popular routes can be crowded, and central Spain can be scorching, with temperatures over 40°C. Northern coastal routes, like the Camino del Norte, offer cooler conditions.
Autumn (September – October)
Early autumn rivals spring as an ideal time to walk. September brings warm days, thinning crowds, and vibrant harvest landscapes. October is cooler and quieter, though rain increases, especially in Galicia. Most albergues stay open through October, but some private hostels close later in the season.
Winter (November – March)
Winter walking is for experienced pilgrims. Cold, wet, and even snowy conditions are common, and many albergues close for the season. The Pyrenees crossing is officially closed, and higher-altitude routes can be dangerous. However, the Camino Francés has year-round accommodations, and some coastal routes remain walkable. For solitude and adventure, winter can be rewarding—but requires thorough preparation.
Aim for late spring or early autumn for the best balance of weather and crowds. Summer is great if you enjoy a bustling trail, but be prepared for heat. Winter is an option for solitude and challenge—but only with proper gear and planning. No matter when you go, the Camino offers a unique and unforgettable experience.
Cultural Experiences on the Camino
Beyond the walk itself, the Camino is a cultural journey filled with history, traditions, and local flavors.
Historic & Religious Sites on the Camino
The Camino passes medieval churches, monasteries, and UNESCO-listed landmarks. Highlights include Burgos and León Cathedrals, the Roman walls of Lugo, and the final stop—Santiago’s Cathedral, where pilgrims attend the moving Pilgrim’s Mass. If you’re lucky, you’ll witness the famous Botafumeiro incense ritual.
Pilgrim Traditions to Look Out For
Carry a scallop shell—symbol of the Camino—and collect sellos (stamps) in your pilgrim passport. At Cruz de Ferro, pilgrims place a stone from home as a symbolic gesture of leaving behind burdens. Greeting fellow walkers with “Buen Camino!” fosters instant camaraderie.
Local Culture & People on the Camino de Santiago
Each region offers a unique experience, from Basque cider houses to Galician seafood feasts. You’ll meet locals who have welcomed pilgrims for centuries, and shared meals in albergues often lead to lasting friendships.
Camino Food & Drink
Walking across Spain is also a culinary adventure. Try pintxos in the Basque Country, roast lamb in Castilla, and pulpo a la gallega (octopus) in Galicia. Enjoy Rioja wine, sip local cider, and don’t miss the free wine fountain at Irache. Santiago’s Tarta de Santiago (almond cake) is the perfect sweet finale!
Enjoy Spiritual Time Along the Way
Look out for roadside crosses, ancient pilgrim sculptures, and spontaneous albergue singalongs. At Monte do Gozo, pilgrims historically got their first view of Santiago and celebrated their nearing journey’s end. Arriving at the cathedral square is an emotional moment—some cheer, some cry, but all feel the significance of completing their pilgrimage.
The Camino is an epic undertaking, perfect for self-development and a great sense of achievement. Many pilgrims talk of the Camino as being a pivotal moment in their lives. To ensure you get the very most from the experience, ensure you pick the right route – explore our Unforgettable Camino Trips.
Curious Camino Facts
- Ancient Origins – The Camino has been a pilgrimage route for over 1,000 years. The first known pilgrim was King Alfonso II in the 9th century.
- The Name “Compostela” – Thought to derive from Campus Stellae (Field of Stars), referencing the legend of St. James’s tomb being discovered under a guiding star.
- UNESCO Recognition – The Camino Francés and northern routes are UNESCO-listed for their cultural significance.
- The 100 km Rule – To receive a Compostela certificate, pilgrims must walk at least 100 km (or cycle 200 km). This makes Sarria (111 km from Santiago) the most popular starting point.
- Record Numbers – The Camino has surged in popularity. In 1982, fewer than 2,000 pilgrims arrived in Santiago; in 2024, nearly 500,000 did.
- Holy Years & Rituals – When St. James’s Day (July 25) falls on a Sunday, it’s a Xacobeo Holy Year, with special celebrations and the opening of Santiago’s Holy Door. The next one is in 2027.
- The “End of the World” – Many pilgrims continue to Finisterre (Latin: Finis Terrae), where medieval pilgrims saw the Atlantic as the edge of the known world. Today, many celebrate by watching the sunset over the ocean.
Now, what are you waiting for? Begin planning your adventure on the Camino de Santiago! If you have any questions, please contact us.
